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The track description:
| ID | TRACK | CHAIR | COLOR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 82 | 003 The Martian Frontier: Mars or Bust | Derek Andreas | dandreas@advantexmail.net | #FFFFFF |
| DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Explores the ways and means of going to Mars, and what is needed to stay there.
Presented in association with the Dallas Mars Society. Mars 101 • Overview • Why Go There? What is Required? • Current Missions & Rovers Getting there: • Issues in Guiding National Space Policy • NASA's Vision for Mars • Mars and Beyond Entrepreneurship • Analog Studies • Mission Planning & Architectures • Unfinished Science – Future Mars Missions Being there: • Water on Mars • Mars as We Know It Today • Spacesuits for Use on Mars • Radiation Effects and Mitigation • Forward and Reverse Contamination • Base Siting/Building Considerations & Logistics • Resources for Development Staying there: • Closed Cycle Life Support • In Situ Resource Utilization • Government and Social Issues of Mars and Beyond Mars Colonization • Mars as an Outpost for Space Development • Settling the Martian Frontier • Oh the Humanities!: New Cultures on Mars • Terraforming |
The track chair:
| NAME | INTRO |
|---|---|
| Derek Andreas |
The sessions for this track:
| SESSION | ROOM_START | ROOM_END | DATE_START | DATE_END |
|---|
The following persons have submitted abstracts to this track:
| NAME | ID | DATE_START | DATE_END |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph E. Palaia, IV | 635 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Mark Paton | 562 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Bruce Mackenzie | 679 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Brian Enke | 650 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Kurt Chankaya | 641 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| W. Vernon Kramer | 636 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Shogo Yonekura and Yoichiro Kawaguchi | 596 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Robert Braun | 664 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Peter Smith | 651 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| W. Vernon Kramer | 644 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Jeremy Sotzen | 637 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Bishop James Heiser | 623 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Grant Bonin | 653 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| Brian Enke | 649 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| John H. Boynton | 639 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| NAME | INTRO |
|---|---|
| Mark Paton | Mark Paton is a postdoc at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. He is working with the Viking Lander meteorological data and is also contributing to the development of a mesoscale simulation of the Martian atmosphere. During his PhD Mark helped design a laboratory simulation of the Huygens landing to aid interpretation of data from Titan. He has also used a computer to simulate a fireball trajectory to aid meteorite recovery. This experience has enabled Mark to design the EDL trajectory of piloted Mars Lander for a virtual prototyping project that was presented at the Mars Society Conference in 2006. |
| Shogo Yonekura and Yoichiro Kawaguchi | Shogo Yonekura, Assistant Professor of Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, the University of Tokyo, Japan, have kept researching on emotional robots. Yoichiro Kawaguchi, Professor of Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, the University of Tokyo, Japan, have created quite a lot of CG Arts regarding virtual "living" creatures full of dynamism of living-creatures. Both of them are dreaming an infinite of possibilities of the space, and trying to dedicate themselves by contributing to the space development from the novel fusional perspectives between Arts and Robotics. |
| Bishop James Heiser | The Right Rev. James Heiser was ordained into the ministry in 1996 and has served in central Texas since 1998. In 2006 he was called to serve as Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of North America. His other responsibilities include holding the office of President of the Center for the Study of Lutheran Orthodoxy and Dean of Missions of The Augustana Ministerium. A founding member of the Mars Society, Bishop Heiser has presented essays to seven conventions of that society. |
| Joseph E. Palaia, IV | Joseph Palaia holds a Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering from New
Jersey Institute of Technology and a Masters degree in Nuclear Science &
Engineering from MIT. In September 2005, he co-founded a space startup company, the 4Frontiers Corporation. 4Frontiers is an emerging space commerce company with unique expertise in Mars settlement design and related technologies. The company has access to a broad array of technical and social science specialists that strive for unparalleled realism in modeling the new space frontier. The company’s core technology development focuses on enabling technologies for space exploration, settlement, and insitu resource utilization. Its activities in three business segments (informative entertainment/education, research & development, and consultancy) give it both the capability to develop innovative space systems and technologies, as well as the ability to translate these concepts into a public format which is engaging, entertaining, and informative. Joe serves as Vice President of Operations and R&D for 4Frontiers. |
| W. Vernon Kramer | W. Vernon Kramer holds a B.S. in Mining Engineering from Texas Western College; a M.S. in Geology from the University of Texas at El Paso and post-MS studies at New Mexico School of Mines. His work in mining and exploration spans 30 years and his work experience extends from the underground miner to managing international exploration offices. He has conducted multi-national exploration in Asia, including Afghanistan, Korea, Thailand, and Indonesia, as well as in both North and South America, for metallic and non-metallic commodities such as limestone, gold, oil and gas, copper, and uranium. He is now an instructor of Geology at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, Texas. |
| Jeremy Sotzen | Jeremy is a graduating senior at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in
Daytona Beach, Florida and majoring in Aerospace Engineering. He is a
Presidential Scholarship recipient, and a member of the ERAU Honors Program.
In the summer of 2005, Jeremy studied at the Hochschule Bremen University of
Applies Sciences in Bremen, Germany. After finishing with Embry-Riddle, Jeremy
plans on obtaining a MS in Space Management at the International Space
University in Strasbourg, France. Jeremy is the General Manager of the ERAU Satellite Development Group which designs, constructs, and operates satellites developed by undergraduates. He has been developing satellites for four years and has been involved in three satellite projects: EagleEye, a remote-sensing microsatellite; and two cubesats, StrikeEagle and TEMP. Jeremy has worked for the Boeing Company in Huntsville, Alabama as a Test Engineer for the Interceptor Integration and Test division of the Ground Based Midcourse Defense Program. Currently, Jeremy is employed as a Design Engineer by NASA at Kennedy Space Center in the Fluid Systems Design Branch. His work includes cryogenic, gaseous, and hypergolic fluid systems design of the Ares I interstage reaction control system. Jeremy’s current research includes Design Optimization of Electrohydrodynamic Devices as well as Mars Pinpoint Landing of Large Payloads Utilizing Terrain Mapping. He is a member of Sigma Gamma Tao - the National Aerospace Engineering Honor Society, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the National Space Society, and the International Association of Space Entrepreneurs. |
| John H. Boynton | John Boynton was born in Maine and educated with degrees from MIT and Cornell. He worked at General Dynamics/Astronautics on an Apollo feasibility study in 1960 before coming to work at what is now the Johnson Space Center in Houston. There John was an aerospace manager assigned to Mercury and Apollo, including writing and editing post-flight engineering reports. He has authored dozens of technical reports and was licensed to practice professional engineering in Texas, Colorado and Maine. At NASA, Mr. Boynton was secretary to various technical panels, including the Advanced Manned Planetary Trajectory panel, chaired by Jack Funk. One of his most interesting and important assignments was as a member of the Apollo Mission Planning Task Force, chaired by John Sevier, which compiled and issued the Design Reference Mission used by all NASA and contractor engineers in the design of Apollo subsystems. John is semi- retired, while still performing engineering consulting work, and lives in Houston, maintaining an ongoing contact with both active and retired NASA colleagues. A member of the Planetary and National Space Societies and the Smithsonian Institution, John maintains a current cognizance of all space matters. |
| Kurt Chankaya | Kurt Chankaya is a member of both the Mars Society and the National Space Society. He has a Bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering from Lehigh University, and a Masters Degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Princeton University, and is a 20 year veteran of the aerospace industry in aerodynamic design of aircraft as well as an avid amateur historian. |
| Brian Enke | Brian Enke is a Research Analyst in the Department of Space Studies at the Southwest Research Institute. He has over twenty years of experience designing and babysitting complex software systems. He is a member of the Program Study Team at the Mars Foundation, and is also the Chairman of the Board of the Rocky Mountain Mars Society. Brian is also a published mystery/sci-fi author. Please see him after the talk if you would like to purchase a signed copy of his breakthrough novel, Shadows of Medusa. He is currently working on a both a sequel and an independent series about Mars exploration. |
| Peter Smith | Peter is a research scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Lab of the University of Arizona. He has worked on numerous space missions over the last 30 years leading the camera team on Pathfinder and he is now the PI of the Phoenix mission to Mars. |
| Grant Bonin | Grant Bonin is an aerospace engineering graduate from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Grant has worked for the past year with the U.S.-based 4Frontiers Corporation studying human Mars exploration and settlement, and is also co-founder of ConsortiumSpace Systems, LLC, a Virginia-based space systems consulting firm. |
| Bruce Mackenzie | Bruce Mackenzie is a co-founder of the Mars Homestead Project, to start the settlement of space with a Mars base built from local materials. He originated the concept for brick masonry structures for Mars featured as ‘Underhill” in “Red Mars” by Kim Stanley Robinson. He has also worked on orbital transport using tethers - leading to space manufacturing. As a staff member at Draper Lab, he worked on launcher guidance and GPS receivers. Bruce became active in NSS through the Boston L5 Society. He initiated the NSS chapters’ web server, and has been active on several NSS committees and boards. He has also been involved with the Mars Society, SSI, Planetary Society, ISU and MIT - SEDS. Contact: Bruce@MarsHome.org (781)944-7027 |
| Robert Braun | Robert Braun is an Associate Professor in the Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. As Director of Georgia Tech’s Space Systems Design Laboratory, he leads a research program focused on the design of advanced flight systems and technologies for planetary exploration. He is responsible for undergraduate and graduate level instruction in the areas of space systems design, astrodynamics and planetary entry. Prior to coming to Georgia Tech, Dr. Braun worked at NASA Langley Research Center for sixteen years where he contributed to the design, development, test, and operation of several robotic space flight systems. Dr. Braun is the principal author or co-author of over 100 technical publications in the fields of planetary exploration, atmospheric entry, multidisciplinary design optimization, and systems engineering. |
The following abstracts were submitted for this track:
| ID | TITLE | ABSTRACT |
|---|---|---|
| 562 | Virtual prototyping of a piloted Mars Lander | Proposed piloted Mars Landers (i.e. with humans on board) have evolved over the
last fifty years as more has been learned about the atmosphere of Mars and new
technologies have become available. The mission objective has changed from
(mostly) a simple excursion to the surface, like with the Apollo LEMs on the
Moon, to full scale exploration of the surface complete with a base able to
sustain a crew for up to one and a half years and pressurised rovers to travel
large distances. The political environment and the money available for space
exploration have also been significant in affecting our plans to send humans to
Mars. Consequently this makes for a different kind of Lander than that proposed
in the early days of the space race. These days proposed mission architectures require an Entry, Descent and Landing System (EDLSs) able to land with pin-point accuracy. This is so the crew can easily reach pre-landed cargo or a base. To reach this level of sophistication new EDLSs will have to be developed and demonstrated at Mars with future robotic Landers. For example, MSL will use hypersonic guidance to fly out uncertainties in the atmosphere. After the entry phase a vehicle needs to decelerate quickly to enable a soft landing (and pin-point targeting). One possible method is to use a parachute followed by a powered descent. A large parachute (and blunt-body type heat shield) will present a large drag area to the Martian winds. Virtual prototyping work using this system for a piloted Lander is described. Preliminary simulations of this human scale EDLS together with data from a mesoscale simulation of the Martian atmosphere suggests the displacement due to Martian winds may be significant. Mars Local-Area Model (University of Helsinki / Finnish Meteorological Institute), was used to provide information on the Martian atmosphere. MLAM is introduced as a tool to help understand the Martian atmosphere and perhaps evolve Mars Lander designs. Some alternative Lander designs are proposed. |
| 596 | Artistic and robotic principles for the synthesis of Martians for Mars exploration | We introduce a novel approach for the synthesis of mechanical Martians to explore the surface of Mars. In particular, we discuss design principles to synthesize mechanical Martians from artistic and robotic perspectives. From artistic perspectives, we first argue and abstract artistic-design principles which are for mechanical Martians to have aspects beautiful and curious to Humans or real Martians, if any; (1) they should have quite a lot of degree of freedoms (i.e. joints), at least 50 degree of freedoms; (2) their bodies should generate slow pulsation movements around 0.5-5 Hz; and (3) they should contain primitive stimulus-response mechanisms to detect and to react to changes of their environments. And we introduce several physically-simulated mechanical Martians synthesized based on these principles, examples of which are sea-anemone-like creature, jelly-fish-like creature, hydra-like creature, and octopus-like creature. We also argue that because of the principles described above, these creature can explore efficiently the surface of Mars, of which surface is full of irregularity and quicksand. And next, from robotics perspectives, we propose a novel model for the emergence of adaptive behaviors, which is instantiated within a physically simulated virtual creature. In particular, we argue a novel model based on Sartre's theory of emotions, and show that the creature can find a solution of "dilemma", instances of which are "I want to go there, but I cannot", "I ate too much because I was hungry, so I feel bad now", and so forth. Our experimental results show that the creature solves these dilemmas in an emergent manner, that is, without any explicit knowledge or learning. This result implies that our model is suitable to explore Mars, where autonomous and adaptive behaviors are strongly required. Our approaches toward mechanical Martians will be a link of arts, robots, and space development, as well as a novel inter-disciplinary boundary. |
| 623 | Virtue and the Settlement of a New World | Discussions of space exploration rarely mention such ‘abstractions’ as virtue; such a concept is almost seen as a weakness in contrast to bold plans to open a new world. This presentation takes issue with such dismissive assessments, because the settlement of a new world is more than engineering. In fact, apart from pursuit of virtue, such efforts are certainly failure. A study of ethical implications of proposed courses of action should help guide discussions of settling a new world. This presentation will explore elements of the rounded human character needed on the Martian frontier, and the relationship of the four cardinal virtues (fortitude, justice, temperance and prudence) will be defined and related to character in such a settlement. |
| 635 | 4Frontiers Corporation – Creating a Path for the Settlement of Mars | 4Frontiers Corporation is an emerging space commerce company with unique
expertise in Mars settlement design and related technologies. The company has
access to a broad array of technical and social science specialists that
strive for unparalleled realism in modeling the new space frontier. The company’s core technology development focuses on enabling technologies for space exploration, settlement, and insitu resource utilization. Its activities in three business segments (informative entertainment/education, research & development, and consultancy) give it both the capability to develop innovative space systems and technologies, as well as the ability to translate these concepts into a public format which is engaging, entertaining, and informative. In this presentation, 4Frontiers VP of Operations / R&D and cofounder Joseph Palaia will describe the latest 4Frontiers developments as well as planned future activities. |
| 636 | Finding Useful Minerals and Mining on Mars Isn’t That Easy | Just because Mars has such minerals as olivine [Mg1.6Fe0.4(SiO4)], plagioclase
[Na0.5Ca0.5Si3AlO8] and gypsum [CaSO4(2H20)] does not mean that there is an
easy Martian supply of iron, magnesium, silica, calcium, sulfur, oxygen,
water, etc. Only a relatively few minerals are useful for practical
extraction of metals, glasses and other chemical compounds. Known potential “ore rocks and minerals” on Mars include hematite spherules (iron ore), basalt rocks (for fiberglass) and gypsum (for water and lime for cement), kieserite (for salts and water) and clays (for cement and ceramics). Useable quantities of plagioclase feldspars for potential aluminum and ceramic sources are still an unknown. But to be an “ore”, the raw material (rock or mineral) must be close to the community using the commodity and must be of sufficient “grade” and quantity to justify a mining effort. This report discusses potential mining opportunities and mining methods to supply a pioneering community on Mars with needed commodities. |
| 637 | Mars EDL Architecture / Spaceport Design and Powered Descent Terrain Mapping for Pinpoint Landing | An operational human-scale settlement on Mars is estimated to need 300-500
metric tons of landed payload on the surface. In order for colonization of
Mars to occur, the capability of landing large payloads on Mars will need to
be developed. Much of the equipment required for a permanent settlement will
require landed masses of 10 metric tons and above. The current architecture
for Mars entry, descent, and landing (EDL) is limited to the Viking technology
of the 1970’s. The EDL architecture and technology for a Martian settlement
will need to allow for large payloads (greater than 10 metric tons) to be
landed on the surface within a degree of accuracy of less than 1 km. The
proposed EDL architecture includes aerocapture into Martian orbit, hypersonic
deceleration utilizing a hypercone or inflatable ballute, a 30 meter
supersonic parachute that deploys at Mach 3, and a powered descent phase that
will achieve a pinpoint landing. There are many issues with landing large
payloads on the surface of Mars, as well as several technologies that need to
be developed. I will talk about these issues as well as proposed
solutions/technologies, and outline the proposed 4FC EDL architecture. In
addition, I will speak on the spaceport design, and the phases of development
as the settlement grows. One of the most critical phases of the EDL architecture is the terminal descent phase. Due to the large number of landed payloads on the surface, the need for pinpoint landing capability is paramount. It is foreseen that autonomous control will be necessary for these missions. My research includes the development of control algorithms that will utilize terrain mapping to autonomously maneuver a spacecraft to a desired landing site. Terrain avoidance is a critical element in the landing phase, and this technology is designed to use real-time data to maneuver the spacecraft around any obstacle until it finds a safe landing site. |
| 639 | The Effect on National Security of a Modification in the President's Space Initiative Regarding Mars | President George W. Bush announced two years ago that NASA would finish the
International Space Station, retire the Shuttle orbiter in 2010, establish a
permanent base on the Moon, design and build a completely new manned
spacecraft for deep space travel, and ultimately send Americans to Mars once a
lunar base was operating. He and NASA leaders even stated that certain
resources on the moon might support a Mars mission and thus the Moon might
become a stepping stone in a manned flight to the Red Planet. Unfortunately,
such a space initiative does not have the romance and challenge for a single
generation of young people that President Kennedy's goal of men on the moon
within the decade had in 1961. True, we were in a space race with the Soviets
then, but America might soon be involved in a similar race with China. A strong case can be made that modifying this initiative to include PARALLEL programs for a permanent lunar base and a manned Mars ORBITAL mission could have a significantly positive impact on national security. Why? Because many thousands of young Americans would be inspired to enter critical technical fields that are sorely lacking for young American minds today. That means far less reliance on foreign minds to do our technical work, with the obvious risks to our security. Since there is always a transfer of technology from space programs to defense systems, parallel programs would yield more crossover of ideas to national defense than would serial programs, and also sooner. A manned Mars orbital mission would bring back at least as much scientific data as a manned landing, and maybe more, but the program cost and the risks to life and mission success would be dramatically less. Science from orbit would rely on a family of lightweight probes, some with tiny rovers and others returning soil samples to orbit for return to earth. Thus, many more key landing sites could be explored than for a single manned landing. Nearly everyone, including top scientists, who has worked, or is working, in the US Space Program is most intrigued with a manned Mars mission as soon as practical because of the promise of fascinating new scientific discoveries. If the American taxpayer would also be more interested in a manned Mars mission over first returning to the moon, then it should be easier to sell Congress and NASA on a shift in priorities. The technology exists today to design and execute a Mars orbital mission within a near-ten-year time frame. Contrast this figure with a Mars mission no earlier than 2030, and probably much later, at an exorbitant cost. Can we really afford to let Chinese space men beat us to Mars? I believe this paper answers that question and outlines a workable Manned Mars Orbital Mission and a believable and affordable timescale. |
| 641 | Social and Political Structure of an Early Martian Colony | Some of the greatest and most beneficial changes in human society have come about by the new political and social ideas formed in exploring and settling new territories. The settlement of the ‘new world’ of Mars will undoubtedly lead to new and different social structures. Using historical examples of past exploration on Earth along with the impact of projected early Martian settlement technology, a projection of the potential changes to social values, norms, and concepts of rights in an early Martian Colony is made. It is postulated that the high cost of transportation will create a labor short, capital intensive society still substantially controlled from Earth, but one with very different social values; one with a heavier emphasis on group responsibility over individual rights, and social equality driven by labor short economics. |
| 644 | duplicate submission | duplicate submission |
| 649 | Why a Humans-to-Mars Mission Costs Over $50 Billion NASA-Bucks... And How We Can Do Much Better! | $50 billion is a lot of money, yet NASA believes a $50 billion (or much higher)
investment is necessary to send a human-centric exploration mission to Mars. Why? In this talk, we will explore several simple, logical, and correct answers to this question. Understanding the assumptions and strict limitations placed upon NASA allows us to suggest smarter alternatives - Mars mission goals and architectures that require less up-front investment and will get us to Mars far sooner than NASA's current 2035 estimate. |
| 650 | Fiction on the Martian Frontier: Behind the Scenes of the 4Frontiers Fiction Writing Project | The year is 2037. The place is Mars. The goal is survival. Meet the brave settlers of a New World, along with some of the science fiction authors who have brought these future heroes to life. The 4Frontiers Fiction Writing Project has developed a feasible back-story populated by inspiring, down-to-Mars characters... a fictional "universe" limited only by the laws of physics and the boundaries of imagination. While we targeted the first web-stories (www.crazy4mars.com/stories) towards the young-adult market, future plans include paper-published works for readers of all ages. The breadth and depth of our author pool continues to grow as the project builds momentum. Future plans include educational writing contests and public submissions. Come and hear all the details... and please bring your opinions and suggestions with you! |
| 651 | The Phoenix Mission | In August of this year the next lander is to be launched to Mars. Its mission is to study the subsurface ice discovered by Odyssey and to attempt to learn its history and potential as a habitat. Landing near 70 N latitude, Phoenix will dig down through the soil to an ice-rich layer studying samples with instruments on the spacecraft deck. An analysis of the mineralogy and chemistry of the soil and ice will be used to characterize this interesting region that occupies nearly 25% of the Martian surface. |
| 653 | Sensitivity and Trade Studies for Mars Cargo and Crew Transportation | Crew and cargo transportation options for establishing a permanent human Mars outpost are discussed. Methods for launch, in-space transportation, entry, descent and landing of the substantial payloads associated with human Mars settlement are considered, based on current and near-term extrapolated technologies and launch systems. The sensitivity of key figures of merit—in particular, the number of launches from Earth and the probability of payload delivery failure—are evaluated with respect to several variables in Mars mission analysis, as well as the limitations and constraints imposed by our current understanding of Mars Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL). EDL in particular is shown to impose significant limitations on present abilities to perform human Mars exploration. Trade studies are also performed and discussed to identify promising transportation scenarios based on the assumed relative importance and sensitivity of key mission parameters. It is concluded that an initial human Mars outpost may be feasible with existing technologies from the standpoint of transportation, but that severe constraints imposed by our current understanding of EDL significantly limit the ability to conduct such activities as generally advocated in optimistic literature. |
| 679 | Mars Homestead: a Mars Settlement Reference Plan | . |
| 664 | Entry, Descent and Landing Challenges to Enable Human Mars Exploration | The United States has successfully landed five robotic systems on the surface of Mars. These systems all had landed masses below 0.6 metric tons (t), had landed footprints on the order of hundreds of km and landed at sites below - 1.4 km MOLA elevation due the need to perform entry, descent and landing operations in an environment with sufficient atmospheric density. At present, robotic exploration systems engineers are struggling with the challenges of increasing landed mass capability to 0.8 t while improving landed accuracy to 10 km and landing at a site as high as +2 km MOLA elevation for the Mars Science Laboratory project. Meanwhile, current plans for human exploration of Mars call for the landing of 40-80 t surface elements at scientifically interesting locations within close proximity (tens of m) of pre-positioned robotic assets. Framed within the context of past successful entry, descent and landing approaches, this investigation focuses on the entry, descent and landing system challenges for human Mars exploration, highlighting the large technology and systems advances required. |
The following papers and slide presentations were submitted for this track:
| ID | DATE_ABSTRACT | DATE_ACCEPTED | DATE_PAPER | PAPER | DATE_SLIDE | SLIDE | DATE_PPT | PPT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 562 | 2006-12-13 14:33:52 | 2007-04-15 19:33:37 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 679 | 2007-05-11 18:57:38 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 653 | 2007-04-17 14:08:08 | 2007-04-29 15:45:13 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 651 | 2007-04-17 03:07:37 | 2007-04-29 15:45:13 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 650 | 2007-04-17 01:53:46 | 2007-04-29 15:45:13 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 649 | 2007-04-17 01:02:30 | 2007-04-29 15:45:13 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 644 | 2007-04-14 20:53:35 | 2007-04-15 19:33:42 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 641 | 2007-04-11 23:48:49 | 2007-04-15 19:33:35 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 639 | 2007-04-11 11:30:42 | 2007-04-15 19:33:31 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 637 | 2007-01-19 13:11:33 | 2007-04-15 19:33:29 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 636 | 2007-01-19 13:03:33 | 2007-04-29 16:26:49 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 635 | 2007-01-17 02:54:56 | 2007-04-15 19:33:33 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 623 | 2006-12-29 21:28:23 | 2007-04-15 19:33:27 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 596 | 2006-12-24 13:51:47 | 2007-04-15 19:33:41 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |||
| 664 | 2007-04-26 10:43:39 | 2007-04-29 15:45:13 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |